CHURCH-STATE
A guide to church-state experts and organizations

IN THE NORTHEAST
• Hadley Arkes is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C., where he co-directs its program on the Constitution, the Courts and the Culture. He is also a professor of political science at Amherst College in Amherst, Mass. Contact 413-542-2293, hparkes@amherst.edu.
• John H. Mansfield is a professor at Harvard University Law School who teaches about issues arising under the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment. Contact Mansfield at 617-495-3141 or his assistant, Susan Norton, at 617-496-2609.
• John H. Garvey is the dean of Boston College Law School and an authority on legal issues regarding church and state. He expects school vouchers and charitable choice issues to dominate the church-state debate in the near future and says he believes the government should provide maximum protection to religious liberty, while remaining neutral in its speech and aid regarding religion. He is a co-author of Religion and the Constitution (Aspen, 2002), the leading casebook on law and religion. He wrote an amicus brief for the United States in Mueller v. Allen. Contact 617-552-4340, garvey@bc.edu.
• Jay D. Wexler is an associate professor of law at Boston University School of Law, where he teaches law and religion. Contact 617-353-2789.

IN THE EAST
• Robert Destro is professor of law at Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and co-director and founder of the Interdisciplinary Program in Law and Religion. He co-authored, with Michael S. Ariens, Religious Liberty in a Pluralistic Society (Carolina Academic Press, 2002), the nation's leading law school textbook on religious liberty. Contact 202-319-5202, destro@law.cua.edu.
• Daniel Dreisbach is a nonpracticing lawyer and the author of Thomas Jefferson and the Wall of Separation Between Church and State (New York University Press, 2003). He is also a professor in the department of justice, law and society at American University in Washington, D.C. He expects a rise in cases challenging the public display of religious symbols, such as crosses and the Ten Commandments, in the public arena, and perhaps an increasing number of cases challenging "arguably religious imagery" in public seals and in the public calendar. He also expects cases that will test the limits of religiously motivated speech that is deemed offensive to a protected group, such as a religiously themed denunciation of homosexuals. Will such speech be ruled freedom of expression and of religion, or will it be considered hate speech and render the speaker civilly or criminally liable? He considers himself a "free speech and free exercise libertarian" in that he sides with maximizing free speech and exercise rights. Contact 202-885-2380, ddreisb@american.edu.
• Francis Manion is senior counsel with the American Center for Law and Justice who specializes in First Amendment law and pro-life legal matters. He has argued before state and federal courts. He specializes in defending public displays of the Ten Commandments and the rights of medical personnel required to participate in pregnancy-ending procedures. Contact 502-549-7020, fmanion@aol.com.
• Marci A. Hamilton is professor of law and director of the Intellectual Property Law Program at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University in New York, N.Y. She is a nationally recognized expert on the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Establishment Clause cases she has worked on include City of Boerne v. Flores and several cases challenging RLUIPA and RFRA, including the UDV case pending before the Supreme Court. Contact 212-790-0215, Hamilton02@aol.com.

IN THE SOUTHEAST
• Jim Allison is a paralegal and historical-legal researcher and writer, and Susan Batte is a lawyer and a member of the U.S. Supreme Court bar who practices in Virginia. Both have been involved in the debate on separation of church and state, researching and writing extensively on the subject. Together, they maintain The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State, a web site dedicated to combating "history by sound bite" that provides audio links to Supreme Court oral arguments and speeches by civil rights/constitutional lawyers and others. Contact both at shangrila38@hotmail.com.
• Robert Ash is senior associate counsel of the American Center for Law and Justice, where he specializes in First Amendment law. He is also a professor of law at the law school and the Robertson School of Government at Regent University in Virginia Beach, Va., where he teaches First Amendment law. Contact via Sherry-Ann Morris, director of marketing and communications, Regent University School of Law, 757-226-4647.
• Erwin Chemerinsky is a professor of law and political science at Duke University in Durham, N.C. He specializes in constitutional law and civil rights issues. He argued Van Orden v. Perry before the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of the plaintiff. Contact 919-613-7173, chemerinsky@law.duke.edu.
• Jeanne Helton is an attorney with Smith, Hulsey & Busey in Jacksonville, Fla., and president of the Jacksonville chapter of the Christian Legal Society. Contact 904-359-7761, jhelton@smithhulsey.com.
• Isabelle Kinnard is the education director of the Council for American's First Freedom in Richmond, Va. It is raising money to build the First Freedom Center, a national educational center devoted to the protection and expansion of religious freedom worldwide. Contact 804-643-1786, ikinnard@firstfreedom.org.
• Melissa Rogers is a lawyer and a visiting professor of religion and public policy at Wake Forest University Divinity School. She expects church-state cases in the near future to involve school vouchers and state constitutional provisions, RLUIPA cases and the question of whether pharmacists can be compelled to dispense medication when they claim that doing so would conflict with their religious convictions. She says she supports broad interpretations of both the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses. She believes that people ought to be able to express their religious beliefs on government property and in public discourse and that religious groups ought to be able to participate in the delivery of government-funded social services. But she also believes the government should not promote or subsidize religion. She served as a counsel on amicus briefs filed with the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of the prevailing party in Santa Fe ISD v. Doe and on behalf of the losing side in Mitchell v. Helms. Contact 202-904-4936, rogersm@wfu.edu.
• John Tuskey is an associate professor at Regent University's School of Law in Virginia Beach, Va., who specializes in constitutional law. Contact 757-226-4584.

IN THE SOUTH
• Chris Doss is director of the Center for the Study of Law and the Church at Samford University in Birmingham, Ala. Contact 205-726-2409.
• Bryan K. Fair is a professor at the University of Alabama School of Law, where his specialties include the First Amendment. He expects the number of church-state conflicts to increase because the Supreme Court has "been so pliant" in efforts to "accommodate religious fundamentalism." He thinks Oregon v. Smith could be overruled and says Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey could be vulnerable. He defines himself as a separationist. Contact 205-886-9156, bfair@law.ua.edu.
• Timothy Hall is a University of Mississippi law professor whose expertise is in the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment. Contact 662-915-6847, lwhall@olemiss.edu.
• Wilfred McClay is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, where he co-directs the center's program on Evangelicals in Civic Life. He is also a professor of history at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Contact 425-5202, Bill-McClay@utc.edu.
• Thomas R. McCoy is a professor of law at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn., who specializes in freedom of speech, press and religion as well as church-state issues. Contact 615-322-2711, thomas.mccoy@vanderbilt.edu.
• Susan McPherson is a lawyer with Wallace, Jordan, Ratliff and Brandt in Birmingham, Ala., where she specializes, in part, in constitutional law. She is also president of the Birmingham chapter of the Christian Legal Society. Contact 205- 870-0555, sm@wallacejordan.com.

IN THE MIDWEST
• Gerard V. Bradley is a scholar of constitutional law and law and religion at Notre Dame Law School in Indiana. Contact 574-631-8385.
• Carl Esbeck is a professor of law at the University of Missouri in Columbia, where he specializes in First Amendment issues, especially the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses. Contact 573-883-6543, EsbeckC@missouri.edu.
• Howard Friedman is a professor emeritus of law at the University of Toledo in Ohio who maintains a blog called Religion Clause on freedom of religion. Contact religionclause@sev.org.
• Richard Garnett is a professor of law at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Ind. One of his areas of expertise is church-state relations. Contact 574-631-6981, Rick.Garnett.4@nd.edu.
• Frank Lambert is a history professor at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., and author of The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America (Princeton University Press, 2003). Contact 765-494-5811, flambert@cla.purdue.edu.
• Frank Ravitch is a professor of law at Michigan State University in East Lansing and a scholar of constitutional law and of law and religion. He is author of School Prayer and Discrimination: The Civil Rights of Religious Minorities and Dissenters (Northeastern University, 2001) and Law and Religion, A Reader: Cases, Concepts and Theory (Thomson/West, 2004). He expects the lower courts to hear more cases on intelligent design and evolution and on religious monument cases. He also expects funding cases dealing with whether the federal government must include religious bodies in generally available funding programs. He describes himself as neither a separationist nor an accommodationist, but says he favors accommodation of free exercise and generally favors separation in the establishment context. He wrote an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in Chandler v. Siegelman, a school prayer case from Alabama, in support of those opposing school prayer practices. Contact 517-432-6973, fravitch@law.msu.edu.

IN THE SOUTHWEST
• John Attanasio is dean of the Dedman School of Law at Southern Methodist University in Dallas and a professor of constitutional law. He teaches a class on First Amendment issues, including the separation of church and state. Contact jba@mail.smu.edu.
• W. Cole Durham Jr. is a law professor and director of the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. Contact 801-422-2281, durhamc@lawgate.byu.edu.
• John Ferguson is a religious liberty attorney and an assistant professor of political science at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas. Before joining Howard Payne, he was at the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, where he was education coordinator. Contact 325-649-8708, jferguson@hputx.edu.
• Eric Hall is an associate attorney with Rothgerber, Johnson & Lyons in its Colorado Springs, Colo., office. He represents religious institutions in legal matters, including in Establishment Clause cases. He says he expects to see more cases involving religious expression in the military, school vouchers, intelligent design curricula and the Pledge of Allegiance. He says because Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas are already on record as wanting to substantially change Establishment Clause jurisprudence, the addition of two new justices to the Court could bring about that change. Contact ehall@rothgerber.com.
• L. Martin Nussbaum is a partner in Rothgerber, Johnson & Lyons who represents religious institutions and schools in legal cases, including First Amendment cases. He works in Colorado Springs, Colo. Contact 719-386-3004.
• Mark Weldon Whitten is the author of The Myth of Christian America: What You Need to Know About the Separation of Church and State (Smith and Helwys, 1999). He teaches religion and philosophy at Montgomery College and is president of the Greater Houston Area Chapter of Americans United for the Separation of Church and State. Contact 936-273-7492, Mark.W.Whitten@nhmccd.edu.

IN THE WEST/NORTHWEST
• Alan E. Brownstein teaches law at the University of California, Davis. He specializes in constitutional law. He has given testimony before legislatures and courts in church-state issues. Contact 530-752-2586 or 530-752-0243, aebrownstein@ucdavis.edu.
• Mark David Hall is a professor of political science at George Fox University in Newberg, Ore. He is currently co-editing The Sacred Rights of Conscience, a collection of primary sources on church and state in America that will be published by Liberty Fund Press. Contact 503-554-2674, mhall@georgefox.edu.
• Edward Tabash is a civil rights attorney and chairman of the National Legal Committee for Americans United for Separation of Church and State. He is also honorary chairman of the Center for Inquiry West and chairman of the First Amendment Task Force of the Council for Secular Humanism. He lives in Los Angeles, Calif. Contact via his web site.